9.25.2007

A Greener Eph: Leadership


Group centered leaders facilitate social movements. But who are they? In some ways they are merely receptors of all the external demands that a group of people makes, but even by receiving that energy they are doing a rare thing. By being open to ideas, to whims, to insights and to diversity of background and thought, a group centered leader is a focal point around which restless energy can be organized and turned into motion.

I came across a conception of leadership very different from the one we usually think of. Sociologist Kai Erikson writes about the a terrible coal mining catastrophe in Buffalo Creek, West Virginia. In 1972 a poorly made slurry damn broke at the head of a 17 mile creek on which 5,000 people lived, mostly coal miners and their families. Roughly 125 people lost their lives and 4,000 residents were left at least temporarily homeless. Understanding why this catastrophe was not avoided means delving into the community of Buffalo Creek as it existed before the slurry dam broke.

The community was described as very tight knit, with family and neighborly ties running deeper than anything most of us know in our transient and wired lives. Why didn't the community rally behind the men who knew something was wrong? Social norms pressured many residents not to 'rise above the rest', not to name oneself as somehow different from one's neighbors, not to have audacity. Although 'individuality' is one of the most common traits ascribed to people from Buffalo Creek by outsiders, traits commonly seen as 'individualistic', or internally generated, really result from restrictive social roles. While a father is often seen as unquestioned head of his family, he isn't entirely acting on 'his own whim', he is also answering an external demand of a role to fill. None of these supposedly individualistic and free thinking men stepped up to show leadership outside of social norms.

Only after the disaster did some leaders start to show themselves, but at the utmost reluctance. Erikson quotes George Santayana:

Perhaps in the flight of birds...the leader was not really a bold spirit trusting to his own initiative and hypnotizing the flock to follow him in his deliberate gyrations. Perhaps the leader was the blindest, the most dependent of the swarm, pecked in to taking wing before the others and then pressed and chased and driven by a thousand hissing cries and fierce glances whipping him on. Perhaps those majestic sweeps of his, and those sudden drops and turns which seemed so joyously capricious, were really helpless effects, desperate escapes, in an induced somnambulism and universal persecution. Well, this sort of servitude was envied by all the world; at least it was a crowned slavery, and not intolerable. Why not gladly be the creature of universal will, and taste in oneself the quintessence of a general life. After all, there might be nothing to choose between seeming to command and seeming to obey...


The leader is revered for taking this sacrifice upon herself, and the group responds. However, after the initial thrust is made, and it is so very difficult to make, the burden can be shared. Ella Baker informs us of this imperative as no one else can:
“I have always thought that what is needed is not the development of people who are interested in being leaders as much as in developing leadership in others.”
A leader serves the demands of the group by encouraging more leaders.

Is it possible that effective campus leaders are merely conceding to the pecking and hissing cries of those around them? Is it possible that instead of deciding to lead community members into becoming a goal-oriented activist group, and pouring their hearts into the service of that group, they are merely answering and offering themselves up to the whims of the crowd that wants something too vague to name themselves?

Saul Alinsky tells the organizer to give people a sense of their own power, create concrete and meaningful changes in people's lives,and change the balance of power. College students are seeking a sense of their own power everywhere, but in so many cases we do not know what that kind of power actually means. As youth preparing to enter the adult world, we're trying to put ourselves into meaningful positions in that world. But what about the second principle?

Many (but not all) college students live some of the most comfortable lives in the world. We have every want near at hand, from food to friends, to fun. We have a purpose and rhythm to our days, and we have the optimism of being at the beginning of life and largely untested. What sort of meaningful and tangible improvement in our fellow students' lives can we possibly hope to achieve? We can offer them a medium to express their passion, their sincere hope for a better world.

School creates a world where work, studying, skills and sometimes even ideas are important. But for some students, for the ones that are potential activists, the ones who want something more, class and activities can be frustratingly tedious. Some students start to realize that many professors do not share our vision of a better world, do not confront the connection between talking and doing. These students are on the cusp of allowing themselves to be thrust into leadership.

First and foremost, effective student leaders, group centered leaders care about the world that fellow students want to see. They are at the whims of that vision. That is how a leader creates a community where passion and vision are important. That is a meaningful change in students lives. Lets keep building groups where students passion for a just, peaceful and sustainable world is our guide.

References:
1. George Santayana, The Last Puritan, pp. 128-129
2. Saul Alinsky, Rules for Radicals
3. Clayborne Carson, In Struggle
4. Kai Erikson, Everything in its Path
5. Baker, Developing Community Leadership, pp 347, quoted in Charles Payne, I've got the Light of Freedom.

Note: This essay is the first of a six part exploration into campus organizing. The study will focus on applying organizing theory and experience to the day-to-day challenges of building the youth climate movement at Williams College, in Berkshire County and in the state of Massachusetts.

A Greener Eph: North Adams Hearing

Today Williams students turned out in force to support Senator Pacheco's Global Warming Solutions Act. Along with Senator Downing (dem - Berkshires), the senator is touring the state to hear testimony from community and business leaders on what should go into the bill.

35 Williams students made the trek across the great divide, the 4 miles from Williamstown to North Adams. Thursday Night Group showed its incredible capacity and skills in getting such a high turnout to an event this far away in the middle of a school day. Generally, the students who attended were really excited at being so close to real political work and hearing the discussion on the issue.

In addition to a high turnout, the hearing was also exciting for me because I suddenly became motivated to address the senators. During the final minutes of the hearing, I got up to the mic and asked the senators to include the words, "Green Jobs Training Program" in the legislation. He said he definitely would. This is partly a mimicking of how Van Jones got similar language into Nancy Pelosi's bill this summer. I felt like an imitator, but an imitator of the most amazing person I know of.

Today was also important for network building, making contacts with students at MCLA, state environmental leaders and staff members of the senate committee on global warming. All in all, a pretty great day.

9.24.2007

A Greener Eph: MYCA


On Sunday four Williams students and one Mt. Greylock student attended the kick-off summit of Massachusetts Youth Climate Action, or MYCA.

I worked with five other SSC people to get this conference to happen, and it turned out to be a huge success. Instead of a conference to come share skills and get inspired from speeches, this was a conference for planning. Our 7 hour marathon meeting resulted in an amazing campaign plan and an organizational structure. We're off and rolling.

We decided on a campaign goal of passing the Global Warming Solutions act with language about Green Jobs and No New Coal. After that, we move on to bigger things.

Sasha, Adam, Adriann, Davy and I drove in a college Prius all the way there, listening to Regina Spektor. Driving home, still listening to Regina Spector, we were all bubbling from excitement from the conference. How crazy is it for 40 students to get together in a room somewhere and decide to shape the way we deal with global warming in our state.

Getting home was punctuated by a jump in the Green river, of course, before heading off to the inevitable stack of emails and homework. Ah, Williams.

9.22.2007

A Greener Eph: $5 Million from Zilkha

To the Williams Community,

I am very pleased to announce the next important step in our effort to make College operations environmentally sustainable — the launching of a center to lead those initiatives, funded by a wonderfully generous gift of $5 million from Selim Zilkha, Class of 1946. full text


So starts a letter to the campus from president Morty. What does $5 million mean for the campus?

The Zilkha Center for Environmental Initiatives will work with students, faculty, and staff to incorporate principles of sustainability into the fabric of campus life — in learning, in our purchasing and operations, in capital projects, and in the daily routines of us all. It will lead the development and management of a strategic plan for sustainability to include energy management and greenhouse gas emissions reductions, waste management, environment-friendly development and purchasing, and student involvement and education. This work will complement the already strong academic programs of our longstanding Center for Environmental Studies.


The money goes to the endowment, which means we can spend about 5% annually - $250,000. Presumably this money is not to be used for actual upgrades, renovations or physical improvements, but instead fund staff and programs.

Implications: The college needs to hire more people to work in this office. The hiring cap, which has prevented any number of departments from expanding, will obviously need to be bent here. If we're talking about staff, $250,000 works out to a lot of people, especially if some of those people are low-paid student interns.

'Learning, purchasing and operations, [and] capital projects' are really important. Will this mean we can offer more course that teach students how to be successful leaders in a world that is dealing with climate change? Purchasing and operations will surely result in campus policy, and we can help in writing that policy. Roosevelt institution anyone? Capital projects means working with the trustees, big donors, and mostly the long-term planning committees like the CPR. This office will certainly be represented on those.

'Development and management of a strategic plan for sustainability.' Yes, and its long overdue if you ask me.

Without this office, we're already doing pretty well. We've made good strides in dining services operations, energy use in dorms and our construction practices. We should count these as successes, but with success we must expand the scope of our goals. A gigantic contribution to Williams' carbon footprint is the air-travel that is done by classes, students on vacation or going/coming home, and all the travel required to operate a board of directors, send people to national conferences, etc. If we want to make headlines (the school doesn't, the students do), then we should begin to address these much more challenging goals.

Or are we only going to set targets that are low but achievable?

9.18.2007

A Greener Eph: Group Centered Leaders (draft)


Group centered leaders facilitate social movements. In some ways they are merely receptors of all the external demands that a group of people makes, but even by receiving that energy they are doing a rare thing. By being open to ideas, to whims, to insights and to diversity, a group centered leader creates a group and gives the group a focal point which can then be pushed.

I came across a conception of leadership very different from the one we usually think of, but it really struck me. The book is written by a sociologist, Kai Erikson, about the coal mining catastrophe in Buffalo Creek in 1972. A critical piece of understanding why this catastrophe was not avoided meant delving into the community as it existed before the slurry dam broke.

The community was described as very tight knit, with family and neighborly ties running deeper than anything most of us know in our transient and wired lives. How then, did the community not rally behind the men who knew something was wrong? There was intense pressure from social norms not to 'rise above the rest', not to name oneself as somehow different from one's neighbors, not to have audacity. It seems odd that 'individuality' is one of the most common traits ascribed to people from Buffalo Creek, but the author points out that things commonly seen as individualistic. A father as being unquestioned head of his family does not necessarily mean he is acting on his own whim so much as answering an outer demand of a role to fill. With social norms like these, leadership can only mean answering to outer demands in a reluctant manner.

The Erikson quotes George Santayana:

Perhaps in the flight of birds...the leader was not really a bold spirit trusting to his own initiative and hypnotizing the flock to follow him in his deliberate gyrations. Perhaps the leader was the blindest, the most dependent of the swarm, pecked in to taking wing before the others and then pressed and chased and driven by a thousand hissing cries and fierce glances whipping him on. Perhaps those majestic sweeps of his, and those sudden drops and turns which seemed so joyously capricious, were really helpless effects, desperate escapes, in an induced somnambulism and universal persecution. Well, this sort of servitude was envied by all the world; at least it was a crowned slavery, and not intolerable. Why not gladly be the creature of universal will, and taste in oneself the quintessence of a general life. After all, there might be nothing to choose between seeming to command and seeming to obey...


Is it possible that campus leaders are merely obeying the pecking and hissing cries of those around them? Is it possible that instead of deciding as an individual to build an activist group, and pour their hearts into that group, they are merely answering and offering ourselves up to the whim's of the crowd?

Every time a fellow student tells me about an idea for a project, I get excited. Sure, they're not all good projects, let alone great ones, but they are not asking me about a specific project, they are asking for confirmation of a role in their community which is rarely offered. The role of their passion. When a person goes from feeling like their contribution is unwelcome, to feeling like they can make things better, then they join the real community. It is our job to make sure they have a community to join.

Saul Alinsky tells the organizer to give people a sense of their own power, create concrete and meaningful changes in people's lives,and change the balance of power. College students are seeking a sense of their own power everywhere, but in so many cases we do not know what that kind of power actually means. Youth are positioned to seek a change in the balance of power, even when we don't know what we mean by power, and because we are seeking to break into the world of adults who have power.

While the above two points deserve a lot more attention, I think the second point is most worth expanding. College students live some of the most comfortable lives possible. We have every want near at hand, from food to friends, to fun. We have a purpose to our days (class and maybe sports), and we have the optimism of being at the beginning of life and largely untested. What sort of meaningful and tangible improvement in our fellow students' lives can we possibly hope to achieve? We can offer them a confirmation. School creates a world where your work, your studying, your skills and sometimes even your ideas are important. Student leaders can create a world where your passion and vision is important. That is a meaningful change in students lives, and we can only create this community with group centered leaders.

References:
1. George Santayana, The Last Puritan (NY Scribner's, 1936), pp. 128-129
2. Saul Alinsky, Rules for Radicals
3. Clayborne Carson, In Struggle
4. Kai Erikson, Everything in its path

Note: This essay is the first of a six part series I am writing this semester for an independent study. The study will focus on applying organizing theory and experience to the day-to-day challenges of building the youth climate movement a Williams College, in Berkshire County and the state of Massachusetts.

9.14.2007

TNG - what does fighting global warming mean?

Note: This post is originally posted on Ephblog.com, hence the David Kane references. Sorry for the length

92 people attended the first gathering of Thursday Night Group this week. 23 people participated in our overnight leadership retreat to set the agenda and goals for the year. This isn't the kind of activism we've seen at Williams in the recent past (DK, I'm counting on you to prove me wrong here somehow.)

Why is our group so energized this year, and where is all of this going to lead?

1. The college has made a commitment which is starting to filter down through all levels of our community. My econ professor uses climate change regularly as an example of a market externality. The Bell Book was revised, telling all frosh to bring CFLs and not fridges. Security purchased a hybrid patrol vehicle, which uses 1/2 the gas of the other cars, even though its a Highlander. Thanks in part to the dedicated efforts of Karen Merrill, Stephanie Boyd and Steve Klass, change is happening.

2. A national movement is building. Led by amazing organizations like the Energy Action Coalition (link) and dedicated student leaders across the country, the tide is riding high for innovative grassroots activists. The science is getting clearer, the media are coming around and even white house science advisers admit the future looks hotter (link).

3. An amazing team of student leaders are starting to figure out what makes a good group work. Previous environmental efforts have focused on raising awareness, increasing recycling, inviting speakers to campus and talking about solutions. We acknowledge the importance of such activities, but point out that this approach lacks some key elements. It doesn't use people's strengths. Williams students are ambitious and talented people who are capable of very hard work and high quality output. We put people to work. Success leads to more success. TNG achieves results which are meaningful, sometimes tangible, and exciting. The climate action plan predates TNG, but with the recent combination of TNG and Greensense into one, we count that. Lightbulbs might not be as important as trustees private jets, but they are extremely tangible, give us facetime with lots of people and involve students directly in solutions. These things build the group. We take projects seriously and hold people accountable for their responsibilities. In my mind there shouldn't be too many differences between a well run corporation and well run activist group.

Our group philosophy is to constantly increase the size, depth and capacity of our group, by running successful and meaningful campaigns. I think its working.

Where are we now? Perhaps I should start with a few thoughts on what kinds of global warming solutions we're talking about. I highly recommend this short movie on the NH climate campaign I helped organize this summer. In it, if you're too lazy to watch it, Bill McKibbon says the top three things an ordinary citizen can do to fight climate change are organize politically, organize politically and organize politically. Then you can get around to changing some lightbulbs. Climate solutions are not going to work if they are isolated to the richest 20% of our country. An economy/society/country that is 20% sustainable is always going to be unsustainable. National, mandatory emissions reductions are required, and I can tell you exactly when we'll get those: right after 1/20/2009. But only if we can show (and we will) that the people of this country demand a government that looks out for the wellbeing of its citizens and a market that can internalize its externalities (link)

How do we get there? We build a citizen movement. The college is playing its part (with much room for improvement) by setting an example or at least matching its peer institutions commitments. Consumers are helping a little by buying 'green'. The big action is being done by students and active citizens. A North Adams hearing on Senator Pacheco's global warming legislation (co-organized by TNG), the March to ReEnergize NH and Iowa, Step it UP 2007, Powershift and Focus the Nation (headed by an alumn) are where the real pressure is being placed.

Thursday Night Group is building capacity to make political change. Does Do it in the Dark bring in new leaders, increase our prestige, attract recruits and reward our group for succeeding? Yes. Does visiting area high schools give Williams students a chance to connect with passionate high schoolers, increasing their confidence and investment in our movement? Yes, and it has inspired dozens of high school activists to boot. Is fighting a campaign to reduce trustee flying, which would take elusive targets, be invisible to most of the student body and likely have marginal to partial success be a strategic allocation of our group's resources? Right now, I say no. It is an excellent task for a pundit, and an excellent point to remind us of, but the outrages of David Kane would be a poor meter for writing our campaign goals. That being said, keep hounding the administration. (I'm willing to bet he has more alumni connections than me - I challenge him to reduce trustee flying.) All I'm trying to explain here is why we don't jump on every egregious carbon violation in sight.

We will strive to choose campaigns that have the highest combination of organization building, carbon reduction and political impact. I intend to keep ephblog, and certainly Greener Eph readers updated on what those are and how they're going. Suggestions are welcome, help is even more welcome, constructive criticism is highly encouraged, and good publicity is kinda nice too.

9.12.2007

A Greener Eph: Thursday Night Group tonight

Come to the first gathering of Thursday Night Group in Dodd living room at 10:00. Arrive early and meet people. Traditional beverages will be served. We will be introducing the group, discussing pressing issues and setting our major campaigns for the year.

We've all heard of global warming, and we've heard a lot of leaders talk about solutions, but the real solutions are going to come from people like you and me. TNG makes significant changes in the college, the community and beyond that protect and improve the way of life for those already suffering from the climate crisis, and for all those yet to come.

We want to get to know you, to hear your ideas and opinions and your vision of a better world. Some of you are very knowledgeable about the climate, and we can all learn from you. Others are very new to this, and we will help you learn.

An unstable climate will affect the poor and disadvantaged more than the rich and privileged, and so we have a duty to act. The solutions will require people from all walks of life, and so we have a duty to include everyone in what we do. Solving this problem requires economics, biology, engineering, social sciences, psychology and faith.

In 1962, Students for a Democratic society wrote in their manifest: "We are people of this generation, bred in at least modest comfort, housed now in universities, looking uncomfortably to the world we inherit..." That call to action is returning.

I'll see you in Dodd.

-morgan-
co-chair thursday night group

9.11.2007

A Greener Eph: Accountability

Accountability is one of those big, moral words that parents use. It means one is responsible for the effects of one's actions. You have to be responsible. You can't cut corners, you can't get away with things and you can't blame someone else for your mistakes or wrongs.

We don't like being accountable. If we aren't forced to by strong social custom or well-enforced laws, we aren't. Think of how many times we have rolled through a stop sign when we didn't see any other cars, let alone police cars! We might grab a handful of candy from our friend's stash when they're not looking, and the success of illegal file sharing programs attests to our propensity for stealing as long as it doesn't seem like stealing.

It doesn't matter how good a person is, there will always be conflicting pressures and corners to cut and things will not get done as well as they might. The biggest check on this tendency is the reaction our actions might cause. The friend who shouts at you for stealing candy is going to influence your future actions differently than one who doesn't notice, or doesn't say anything. If you ever get caught file-sharing, there's a good chance you'll never do it again, even if the risk isn't any higher than before. Either when confronted with friends who feel wronged, or strangers who can use the law on their side, confronting the negative effects of our actions can be extremely.

Because these negative effects can be so unpleasant, we face a choice. We can either act in a more ethical way, at the risk of being obtuse and exhausting, or we can distance ourselves from the effects of our actions. Downloading a song distances one from the negative social norms (and risks) that taking a CD out of a store does. It also distances one from causing harm to a particular store, and instead broadens the loss out over the industry, making it seem much less serious. We might feel comfortable taking only a small handful of candy because it will either go unnoticed or be easily forgiven, but we would hesitate to take the whole bag for fear of the consequences.

We face consequences from all sorts of actions, large or small. We really don't want to live next to a pig farm, but that won't stop us from eating pork. As long as we don't see the pig farm we don't have to confront the fact that someone lives next to a pig farm. We like to have electricity when we flick the switch, but generators are too noisy (not to mention inefficient), and coal is far too dirty to have in our own city, so cities and energy companies realize they can get more customers if they put the coal plant somewhere else. We are not confronted with the consequences of flicking a light switch, and we are happier that way. There are few fashionable metropolitans who would enjoy their clothing quite as much if they had to walk into the illegal sweatshop downtown to purchase the item. But of course the people in the sweatshop wouldn't be working their (against their will?) if there wasn't a demand for such clothing.

Our economy is very good at helping us stay away from the negative consequences we cause. People make money doing this and people frequently pay for the right to not see the results of their actions. This is not a shocking instance of neglect, or a cry out against some type of injustice. This is something so fundamental to the way our civilization works that it goes beyond questioning. And if we do question it, we are immediately daunted by the task.

The depth and subtlety of our lack of accountability is not a detriment, but rather precisely the reason why we must confront it. By working accountability into our society and our lives, then we have made a fundamental and radical change. That is why fighting climate change is about even more than the future stability of global civilization. It is about fixing the world around us.

A Greener Eph: Leadership Retreat

24 awesome TNG leaders convened this weekend for our retreat. The torrential downpour and epic thunderstorms didn't stop the sweet bonding and ambitious planning that went on. See below for the agenda if you're curious.

Mostly it was amazing to see all these people from different backgrounds and groups come together and take their first Saturday night back at school to talk about the climate. There's nothing quite like the feeling of launching into something that's bigger than anything we've done before.

Personally, I came away from the weekend exhausted. Trying to make the whole thing happen in addition to giving two trainings (recruitment/leadership dev. and campaign planning) takes a lot out of you.

In other news, it looks like my independent study will be approved. I want to spend one course-load's worth of work this semester working on running TNG better. That means reading up on other movements and issues within our movement, studying organization and recruitment strategies, and then making regular posts on itsgettinghoninhere.org. We'll see how it goes.

Retreat Agenda:
What to bring: sleeping bag, pad, sweatshirt, mug, notebook, toothbrush, enthusiasm!
Optional: snacks to share,

TNG Retreat - Sat. Afternoon?
2:30 pm- check out office and supplies up there a bit, then head out to HMF
4:00 pm - hear from people who worked on cool summer projects
5:30 pm - goals, ground rules
6:00 pm break- dinner
7:00 pm - training: recruitment, leadership development, organizational development
9:00 pm - dessert, - visioning - lets talk about big ideas - what do we want to do this year?

Sunday morning:

8:00 am -wake up/breakfast
9:00 am -training: how to write a campaign plan
10:00 am - What do we need to do, as a group, to achieve our goals? - (positions? structure? recruitment? communication?)
11:30 am - debrief
11:45 am - head back for Greylock Brunch!

9.06.2007

A Greener Eph: Recruitment 101


Purple Key Fair

Last night we hauled a cow across campus. More specifically, we teamed up with All Campus Entertainment to haul a cow and the giant light bulb all the way to the Purple Key fair, where freshmen sign up for clubs.

We signed up over 70 new facebook members and collected another 50 or 60 paper sign ups to almost triple the size of our online group. It turns out, handing out free lightbulbs, stickers and standing in the stream of people where you can grab them to talk works pretty well. Lots of positive feedback on using facebook as a group.

Tonight is an acoustic night in Kellogg, to bring the whole community together. This weekend our leadership retreat, and then next Thursday, the moment we've all be waiting for, the first TNG meeting of the year!

9.01.2007

A Greener Eph: First Year Orientation



Williams College first years have no excuse not to think deeply about sustainability. They're getting a double dose. First, I jumped up on stage during the wellness talk to try and make a connection between physical wellness and the wellness of our mountain home. I told them that using CFLs is awesome and saves money. I hinted that drinking bottled water was silly because it tastes the same as tap water...you just have to pay for it. If they were brave, they could turn down their heat and find someone to cuddle with to stay warm on those long winter nights. The director of campus safety, our chaplain, our outing club director, our dean of the college and our fire-safety guy all proudly displayed a CUPPS cups and told them to use it.

Now, as 2/3rds of the class does a backpacking trip, they're going to get it again. The WOOLF leaders already teach the principles of Leave No Trace. LNT covers the range of ways hikers can harm the woods around them, from fires and trash to causing erosion and feeding animals. But, they will be asking their first years, are the visible traces the only ones we should be worried about? What about the traces that we can't see but are potentially even more harmful, such as greenhouse gas emissions? If we care so much about LNT on the trail, do we have some responsibility to reduce our 'trace' when we're not on the trail as well?

Its up to the WOOLF leaders now, but if I have any guesses, there will be a lot of deep and heated discussions up in those mountains.